Racism in Aboriginal Australia

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Are Australians truly as open-minded and open-hearted as the world perceives them? Or does a multicultural mentality hide racism?

Read on to discover that racism in Australia is alive, it’s only hidden behind a friendly mask.

I do not accept that there is underlying racism in this country.—John Howard, Prime Minister of Australia (1996-2007) in 2005 [17]

I do not believe that racism is at work in Australia.—Kevin Rudd, Prime Minister of Australia (2007-2010) in 2010 [33]

Racism is still alive and evil in this country, I can assure you.—Colin Markham, former NSW parliamentary secretary for Indigenous affairs

We all know that racism is alive and well.—Aboriginal Reverend Aunty Alex Gater [35]

We know that racism in all its forms, individual and systemic and structural racism, exists in the police force, the prison services, and far more to the point, in the judiciary in fact.—Marc Newhouse, chairman, Deaths in Custody Watch Committee WA [57]

How can you tell someone is racist?

I believe you’re hearing a racist person if they make general, derogative remarks about a group of people based on their race. Upon close inspection of their claims, most of them are incorrect.

Racism and racist remarks serve to bond with people who have the same opinion. Many people who have racist opinions somehow know that these are not accepted in mainstream society so they join political groups who share their racist views.

“I’m not racist, but…”

How often have you heard someone starting a sentence with “I’m not racist, but…”? And what followed was an opinion you thought was racist.

• Andrew Johns, assistant coach of the Parramatta Eels rugby team, called an Aboriginal player a “black c**t” but “denied that he was racist” [36].
• Mal Brown, an Australian rules footballer, described Aboriginal people as “cannibals” but “declared himself… not racist” [36].

To be racist you don’t have to be extreme. “If you are being racially vicious in your remarks about other races, that’s racist,” says Timana Tahu, an Aboriginal rugby league player with the Parramatta Eels who sparked a nationwide discussion about racism when he walked out of the coveted NSW Origin team camp after Andrew Johns’ remarks [36].

Some people think that using racist slurs is being playful or assume racist words are slang, which would explain why they start their sentence with “I’m not racist, but…”

We are still hearing the same things that my mother was hearing when she was little.—Timana Tahu, Aboriginal rugby league player [36]

Racism is never really seen, it's only really felt.—Phill Moncrieff, Aboriginal musician [39]

Are Australians racist?

For Victorian academic and writer Lillian Holt racism is “the gangrene of the soul of this nation which slumbers under the smug surface of this lucky country.” [53]. She labels it a “spiritual disease”.

Stephen Hagan, Aboriginal film-maker and author, confesses “I’m on public record as saying Australians are the most racist people in the developed world for their treatment of the First Australians and I make this claim comfortable in the knowledge that I am sufficiently supported by incontestable statistical data.” [51]

Stewart Levitt, a lawyer for an Aboriginal man, moved his client’s trial to Brisbane after he found “entrenched racism in the Townsville community against Palm Island Aborigines” and double standards in Queensland [52].

For Aboriginal elder Uncle Allan Brown racism are “the under-handed snide remarks”. People hide racism “more than anything” and don’t want to know about it [54].

While filming in Australia, American presenter John Oliver noticed that racism in Australia “is undeniably specific” [59]. Australians complained to him “about all the ‘Lebos’ in the country”, using a derogative term for Lebanese people which is similar to what they use for Aboriginal people (“Abos”).

Australia turns out to be… one of the most comfortably racist places I've ever been in.—John Oliver, American presenter of The Daily Show [59]

Some good news

“I do think things are changing,” observes Dennis Eggington, head of the Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia [38]. “For one thing we have a more informed group of young people coming through,” he says.

Interest in Aboriginal culture has risen significantly in recent years, partly driven by better integration into the school curriculum. Student’s knowledge and self-confidence helps contribute to, with the words of Eggington, “the changing face of Australian people [which] means the old entrenched colonial racism is being driven out.”

A series of disturbing incidents made the Australian Football League (AFL) develop policies for its players, a policy to deal with on-field racial vilification, as well as introduce player and staff education [43]. It contributed to lift the share of Aboriginal players from 5% to 11% between 1996 and 2011.

The National Rugby League in August 2010 announced “tough new measures to combat racism”. Any player caught would be stood down immediately and charged with contrary conduct. [26]

Like Martin Luther King, I have a dream. That, one day, a Nyungar family will be born free of racism.—Dennis Eggington, Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia [38]

Recommended reading

I’m Not Racist But… by Aboriginal author Anita Heiss is a collection of social observations, thoughts and conversations that will challenge the reader to consider issues of Aboriginal identity, reconciliation and issues around saying ‘sorry’, notions of ‘truth’ and integrity, biculturalism and invisible whiteness, entrenched racism and political correctness.

Pauline Hanson’s One Nation

One of these political parties was the One Nation party, founded by Pauline Hanson in April 1997. Let’s have a brief look at some excerpts from her maiden speech to parliament in September 1996, [4] and why they are racist.

I have done research on benefits available only to Aboriginals and challenge anyone to tell me how Aboriginals are disadvantaged when they can obtain 3 and 5% housing loans denied to non-Aboriginals.—Pauline Hanson

Racist statements like this show a lack of information and balance. If Hanson had done her research properly she would have found out that Aboriginal housing conditions were nowhere near what the average Australian enjoyed. At the time Hanson spoke, more than 9% of the Indigenous population in rural areas lived in “caravans, shacks and improvised accommodation” and 9% of Aboriginal people’s rural homes did not have a toilet [3].

20% of Aboriginal people lived in “dwellings which had eight or more residents” [3]. Compare that to the total Australian population where less than 1% had to live in such overcrowding houses.

I draw the line when told I must pay and continue paying for something that happened over 200 years ago.—Pauline Hanson

This comment shows a lack of empathy and compassion for other people’s situation.

Many opponents of Prime Minister Kevin Rudd’s apology to the Stolen Generations thought likewise. ‘Why me?’ they asked. But this misses the point entirely. Rudd didn’t apologise because he was guilty personally, he apologised because he felt sorry for what these people had to endure and how they suffered. For Aboriginal people this was a giant leap forward towards healing.

Racist people have trouble putting themselves into the shoes of others. When talking about land rights for Aboriginal people, Hanson said, “Well, where the hell do I go? I was born here.” She doesn’t even try to understand where Aboriginal people come from, what land means to them. Racism and egotism walk hand in hand.

One of the great things about free speech is that when racists can say what they really think, the public realise how disgusting they are. It's when the law makes them clean up their act that they appear more reasonable and electable.—Geoffrey Robertson, human rights lawyer [27]

Institutional racism

Many people experience racism by another person. If companies or government bodies act in a racist way this is called institutional racism.

For example, when the South Australian government refused to fund Aboriginal legal aid the head of the Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement Inc called the government’s refusal institutional racism [29].

The media is another culprit. Many journalists fail to properly research stories and end up reinforcing existing racial stereotypes.

In fact, the worst offender of institutionalised discrimination and marginalisation of Aboriginal people is the government.—Neil Gillespie, head of the Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement Inc, South Australia [29]

My daughter is 18 and all her life she's had no help from anyone. She went to school being picked on simply because she is Aboriginal. For the past two years, nearly every employer she has applied to for a job has said to her 'Oh, you're Aboriginal. Good luck' and laughed.—C Johnson, reader's letter [37]

Reverse racism

Reverse racism is racism against members of a dominant or majority group, that is racism from Indigenous people against non-Indigenous people.

Reverse racism seems to be far less than racism against Aboriginal people. “I’ve never heard a black player use the same language [as non-Indigenous players use] about a white player,” says Timana Tahu, an Aboriginal rugby league player [36].

Microaggression

Microaggressive remarks can often come in the form of back-handed compliments.

For example, “She’s gorgeous for a big girl” or “I would never be able to tell you’re gay!”. Speaking really slowly when talking to a non-native speaker is another example.

Often microaggression requires well-meaning people to reflect on their own bias and privilege. They may object to racism, but not be at all aware that their remarks hurt the other person.

Video: Too Little Justice

Watch Too Little Justice, a five-minute-video about racism against an Aboriginal youth directed by Dean Francis. Note how an “innocent” comment sparks the altercation, common in real life experiences of racism.

There's not many of us who haven't suffered from racism, horrible overt racism.—Dennis Eggington, Aboriginal Legal Service of Western Australia [38]

Through my time with the Nyoongar people, I got to see first-hand the ingrained systematic racism in town and it made me sick to see such backward behaviour still existing in what was then the 20th century.—John Butler, musician [56]

Poll

An ABO is an Australian Born Original person.—Reader's letter, Koori Mail [40]

Australia’s politicians fail on racism

If you haven’t already done so read the quotes by successive Australian prime ministers at the top of this page. They are tale-telling proof that politicians have lost touch with reality.

Both politicians and Australian police commonly argue that many of the assaults on people of different ethnicity are ‘opportunistic’ rather than racist [33].

Australia hasn’t had a multicultural policy for 15 years. The Race Discrimination Commissioner is part time, his other responsibility is as the Disability Discrimination Commissioner.

“Our politicians are fixed in denial… Politicians believe there are electoral costs and no benefits to acknowledging racism,” says Prof Kevin Dunn, an expert in human geography and race and ethnic studies at the University of Western Sydney. Dunn collected the “most comprehensive data on racism in Australia” [33].

Look at how [politicians] responded to the global financial crisis [in 2008/9] or any other problem… they find the problem and tackle it. But not with racism. It seems we [Australians] can be broke, we can be fat, we can be anything. We just cant' be racist.—Dr Yin Paradies, senior research fellow, University of Melbourne [33]

A study by the Australian National University published [in 2009] found clear evidence of racism in Australia.—Sydney Morning Herald [33]

Is ‘Coon’ a racist term?

No matter how you answered my poll above, results often depend on how you ask the question. I tried to be as neutral as possible, just asking if the cheese name was racist. The Herald Sun in its online site asked “Is a call for Coon cheese to change its name political correctness gone mad?”

Note how there’s no mention of the name being racist. No mention of Aboriginal people being offended by the name. The Herald Sun asks if it is overly political correct to ask for a name change. From this angle many people might agree, given the fact that the brand has been around for quite some time.

Note again how the options given to the users of the poll suggest that one should ‘get over it’ and move on and doesn’t explain what the reason is why we cannot use ‘words like that’ anymore. For the passing surfer this poll is totally useless in the absence of context to the question.

At the moment we have a group of non-Aboriginal youth getting around calling themselves the KAC (Kill All Coons).—Jacinta Ferguson, Wodonga, Victoria [25]

Racism in the arts—a window into the past

In 1957 Rolf Harris, then 27, wrote the song ‘Tie Me Kangaroo Down, Sport’ which became a number one hit in Australia. The song was originally made of seven verses and the chorus. The sixth verse went as follows [20]:

Let me Abos go loose, Lou,
Let me Abos go loose.
They're of no further use, Lou,
So let me Abos go loose.
Altogether now!

‘Abo’ is a derogatory term for Aboriginal people. In the context of the song the above verse becomes even more racist because almost all other verses are about animals which are to be let lose after the drover’s death the song is about.

Because of the racist term used the song was banned in Singapore. In some versions ‘Abo’ got replaced with ‘emu’ [19].

Racism is not in the past. It stares us in the face every day.—Phill Moncrieff, reader letter, Koori Mail [28]

Harris’ lyrics, as innocently as they might have been conceived, offer us an insight into the horrific practices of bush men in the 1920s. Xavier Herbert, born in 1901, reveals them in an interview he gave in 1984 [24]. Note the racist use of expressions like ‘gin spree’.

“We used to go up to Broome for our holidays and I knew, all through Western Australia, black velvet was the thing. It’s changed a lot in recent years but the perfect mate for the bushman was the black girl… The pearling industry was established in Broome and the pearlers used to go up into the Kimberley country and steal the young [Aboriginal] gins to work as pearl divers. Of course, they used to rape them, too, and when they got too pregnant they’d chuck them overboard.

“Stockmen used to go out for a ‘gin spree’, too. They’d run the blacks down and take the young girls [who’d] sit down and fill their fannies with sand.”

Recommended movie

Aboriginal hip-hop rapper Caper wrote a song about racism and discrimination that he has experienced in Australian society throughout his life.

Racist place names changed

When settlers named places in Australia they sometimes used names we consider racist today. Most of these placenames have quietly been changed to less offensive ones, however, some can still be found today and some Aboriginal people campaign against them.

E.S. ‘Nigger’ Brown Stand

Stephen Hagan fought for almost 9 years for a rugby league stand’s name to be changed. It read E.S. ‘Nigger’ Brown Stand.

Stephen Hagan took his case to the Federal Court (where he lost) and finally to the United Nations, where the Council for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) agreed that the sign should be taken down [22].

His campaign came at an enormous cost for him and his family. Not only did he have to invest a lot of money, but he was also personally assaulted and threatened. In September 2008 however, the stand was torn down and the mayor promised not to name the new building with the same name. Hagan’s wife Rhonda directed a film about her husband’s fight called Nigger Lovers.

Racist Victorian placenames

For decades a mountain in north-east Victoria, called Mt Niggerhead, fuelled a heated debate about its name. In December 2008 the landmark was renamed to Mt Jaithmathangs after one of the traditional languages of the area [21].

This renaming, however, is not without controversy with one of the Aboriginal groups involved claiming that part of the mountain belongs to their country and its new name was offensive.

Racist placenames in Queensland

In Queensland’s Alton Downs, near Rockhampton, people are debating if they should rename Black Gin Creek Road. White Australians used to call an Aboriginal woman a ‘gin’, often implying that they were used for sexual services by the white men. Another Black Gin Creek Road is near Bambaroo, 60kms north-west of Townsville, Queensland. Nigger Creek near Wondecla, QLD, is yet another example.

The reason that people so ferociously advocate for keeping these racist beacons of Queensland's past has a lot to do with the fact that many non-Indigenous Australians do not know what it feels like to be called a 'gin' or a 'nigger' or a 'coon'.—Amy McQuire, Aboriginal journalist [22]

Contemporary racism

A subscriber to an Australian newsletter made the following observations [32]:

“If you want to find out about Australia put a sticker supporting Aboriginal causes on your car. Young blokes are usually the main problem as far as abuse goes. The reconciliation stickers seemed to be OK, but anything stronger than that eg Treaty or Land Rights causes a hostile reaction. I have even been abused for having a sticker advertising radio staion Triple A Murri Country on my car.”

“There’s an extremely strong undercurrent of racism in Australia, although, on the evidence, mainstream rather than undercurrent is probably more accurate.”

“The fact that politicians , police etc are afraid to call it what it is, suggests that a majority of Australians do not class this behaviour as racist and will vote anyone out who calls it racism.”

“If you want to be a person of influence in this country you steer well clear of issues like Australian racism.” —which confirms the quotes from the beginning of the page.

Last Australia Day I had both the Australian flag and the Aboriginal flag on my car aerial, with the Aboriginal flag first--my aerial was snapped off.—A subscriber of the Recoznet2 newsletter [32]

“Every Indigenous Australian has a story of racism,” observes Amy McQuire from the National Indigenous Times [17]. She argues that “most non-Indigenous Australians have a story in which racist thoughts were uttered or acts occurred.”

Racist experiences

Here are some examples how racism permeates everyday life, from ordinary people, to police, to federal ministers. Sadly, I could quote many more.

“Don’t worry love, these things happen.”

During a rugby league game a fan racially abused Aboriginal players and supporters, calling them ‘monkeys’ and ‘blacks’.

When an Aboriginal witness asked for the manager she was told “Don’t worry about it, it’s football, these things happen.”

However, in this instance the fan was tracked down and banned for life. [11]

“I’m of a large build. Not fat and black.”

An Aboriginal health worker was pulled over for a traffic offence. In internal police documents which were used to prepare the court brief the worker was described as ‘fat and black’ [12], words which were also included in drop-down menus of internal document templates [14].

Queensland Police commissioner Bob Atkinson later apologised to the victim.

Showcasing Aboriginal people

In July 2006 as part of an employment scheme then Aboriginal Affairs minister, Mal Brough, proposed ‘showcasing’ Aboriginal people for tourists in five-star hotels by having them work ‘front of house’ on reception [13].

Racism at 17

Tjimarri is a 17-year-old and tells his experience with racism [10].

“As a young Aboriginal sports player, I have experienced racism. When I first joined a club about six years ago with my two cousins, we were sitting down watching because we were too shy to participate first.

“A parent member called the police complaining that we were ‘hanging around the club probably looking to go through people’s bags’.”

People… would attack my Aboriginality and they'd call me a black bitch. All my life I've been criticised because I'm Aboriginal.—Joan Winch, Nyoongar Elder and Professor at Curtin University [15]

“I don’t like niggers”

This is a true story conveyed to me by the mother of the Papua New Guinean girl.

While at school a young Papua New Guinean girl was sitting with her friends—a lovely group of middle-class anglo Australian girls. She had a packet of honey-flavoured Tiny Teddies and one of her friends had a bag of chocolate-flavoured Tiny Teddies.

When her friend saw what the Papua New Guinean girl had she said “Oh! Can I swap with you I don’t like niggers,” at which the Papua New Guinean girl snapped “What! What did you say!?”. Her friend repeated, “Can I swap with you I don’t like niggers.”

The Papua New Guinean girl exploded. “Hey! You can’t say that! I have black people in my family, and you can’t say that!”.

Her friend began backpeddling and said “No, I didn’t mean it like that, it’s just that I don’t like these biscuits.” Still angry, the Papua New Guinean girl said “Well say that then! You can’t say that word it’s offensive. I have black people in my family how dare you say that!”

The other girls in the group also spoke up and said “Yeah, you shouldn’t say that it’s not right!”

“They pay good money to get my skin colour”

Another true story as told to me first-hand:

“I was standing in a post office in what I like to now refer to as country red neck Queensland. The sales assistant has a chat with a young female customer in front of me.

I hear her saying ‘...did she like her spray tan?’ and the girl goes ‘Yeah, but her boyfriend said he didn’t want to marry a coon.’ They both laugh, and as she leaves they realise I’m standing behind them.

I give them the death stare and they drop their eyes in shame as they should.

They pay good money to get my skin colour and they still insult us!”

Taxis refuse fare to Aboriginal actors

In May 2013, a group of prominent Aboriginal actors were repeatedly refused fare by taxi drivers in Melbourne when they tried to make their way back to work [60].

The group included eminent actors such as Tom E Lewis, Rabbit-Proof Fence star Natasha Wanganeen, Redfern Now actors Jada Alberts and Rarriwuy Hick, Chooky Dancer Djamangi Gaykamangu and Ten Canoes actor Frances Djulibing.

Four separate cabs booked to pick up the group refused the fare once they arrived and saw the passengers.

Only after the non-Aboriginal company manager hailed a taxi were the actors able to return to their hotel.

‘‘They would just pull up, see us and drive off,’’ Hick said. ‘‘By the fourth one I just had it by then and kind of broke down and was in tears. We had to get someone to hail a taxi for us who was non-indigenous and we would hide around the corner and by the time she got the taxi we would bolt over, open the door and jump in.

Racism in the press

The press shapes how many people think about other ethnicities. Journalists have a responsibility when they write about Aboriginal culture. They are bound by the Racial Discrimination Act while the freedom of speech gives them a certain liberty.

Racist headlines

‘Black’ in general is deemed racist. Which does not mean we cannot find it nowadays. Check out the newspaper article in the image which is taken from The Australian newspaper of May 17, 2006. Aboriginal people confirmed to me that this headline is offending. I found this headline in an online search in less than three minutes. Searching The Sydney Morning Herald online did not turn up any similar headline.

Journalist found guilty of racial discrimination

In 2011 journalist Andrew Bolt from the Herald Sun newspaper wrote two articles about Aboriginal identity. In questioning how some Aboriginal people “selected” their Aboriginality over other parts of their heritage, he addressed a common stereotype: Aboriginal people of mixed descent want to profit from benefits even though they are not “fully” Aboriginal.

One of the Aboriginal women Bolt targeted took him to court over his articles, alleging racial discrimination. In September 2011 the court confirmed that Bolt’s articles had breached the Racial Discrimination Act [47].

Judge Bromberg ruled that he had “not found Mr Bolt and the Herald & Weekly Times to have contravened section 18C [of the Racial Discrimination Act], simply because the newspaper articles dealt with subject matter of that kind. I have found a contravention of the Racial Discrimination Act because of the manner in which that subject matter was dealt with.” [47].

Judge Bromberg found that Bolt’s articles “conveyed offensive messages about fair-skinned Aboriginal people, by saying that they were not genuinely Aboriginal and were pretending to be Aboriginal so they could access benefits that are available to Aboriginal people”. “None of them ‘chose’ to be Aboriginal,” the judge remarked.

“I am satisfied that fair-skinned Aboriginal people (or some of them) were reasonably likely, in all the circumstances, to have been offended, insulted, humiliated or intimidated by the imputations conveyed by the newspaper articles.”

He further explained that “at the core of multiculturalism is the idea that people may identify with and express their racial or ethnic heritage free from pressure not to do so. People should be free to fully identify with their race without fear of public disdain or loss of esteem for so identifying. Disparagement directed at the legitimacy of the racial identification of a group of people is likely to be destructive of racial tolerance, just as disparagement directed at the real or imagined practices or traits of those people is also destructive of racial tolerance.”

The articles, the judge found, “contained errors of fact, distortions of the truth and inflammatory and provocative language.”

The articles could have an “intimidatory effect” on young fair-skinned Aboriginal people or those who do not have a firm view on their identity because “racially prejudiced views have been reinforced, encouraged or emboldened”.

But Your Skin Is White

Why do we as people cry when they say you're not black your skin is white
Yes this day I hear again they tried, but it's time yes time to squash this lie
Is it done to cover up mistakes or just for fun yes it's a damn disgrace
For 200 odd years you've made this mistake at our expense
We've been pushed and shoved and totally displaced you pull down things 
	that are sacred to our race, you dig up then place a barbed wire fence
It's a safety measure for you at our expense
And when we go for food they say these blacks they're not wanted
Here on my land but whose is it really is it really yours I say
You cannot recompense us for all the wrongs you've done
Or bring back a parent a daughter or a son
Yes it's just not right I hear you say these blacks are white
Just look at their face
Yes it's no longer right for it's free speech you say
We've done no wrong so why should you pay
It's always them white blacks that push the limit
It can never be you yes it's always them
Yes those white blacks you say 'cause there's money in it
They just want their pay
Yes I want to tell you a story although my skin may be white
Look at my heart it's from the dreamtime I come
Yes I am daughter a father a son
I am the mother of these ones
The trouble makers with the white face the ones that 200 years
Can never disgrace…

Poem by A G Hayden [50]. Read more Aboriginal poetry.

Another example of the extent of prejudice is the intolerance of Australians to foreign languages being kept and used by the new immigrants. Too often we hear white Australians talking amongst themselves that when people come to this country they should speak English and leave their own mother tongue back in the country from which they come.—Michael Anderson, Aboriginal Elder [31]

Carelessness leads to racism outrage

“I didn’t realise it would be so bad,” a careless white man said after he had sparked an outrage in Western Australia’s Kalgoorlie [5].

The man had participated in a car race and named his car ‘Foul Coon’ because “we have always called Falcon cars ‘foul coons’”. What he considered to be “just a saying” deeply angered and offended local Aboriginal people. To add insult to injury some other team members had painted themselves black and wore red headbands, traditionally worn by senior and respected initiated Aboriginal men.

‘Foul Coon’ is used colloquially in car forums around Australia. The forum profile shown here seems to confirm what the CEO of the Goldfields Land and Sea Council, Brian Wyatt, told newspapers: “They think that beer and naked girls behind the bar… are the way of life around here, and saying and doing whatever you like when you like.”

Aboriginal people allege hotel racism

A group of Aboriginal people took the former owners of the Newcastle ‘Sydney Junction Hotel’ (NSW) to court for allegedly denying them access to the hotel because they’re Aboriginal.

The issue was if the hotel had a ‘no coons’ policy and which person of the hotel’s staff and security personnel was responsible for implementing this policy [2]. The pub operator and security firm were ordered to pay AUD 90,000 to the victims [16].

In a similar incident in March 2008 a group of Aboriginal women were asked to leave the Haven Backpackers in Alice Springs [6]. The group attended a lifesaving training and were told that they were “unsuitable” guests and were asked to leave shortly after checking in, because Japanese tourists were “afraid of Aboriginal people”.

Once a person's a racist, it's difficult to change them.—Tom Calma, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Justice Commissioner [8]

Effects of racism

Anyone who is exposed to continuous racism suffers, no matter if this racism occurs at a young age at school or later in adult life.

93% of the people who took part in a three-year study of the Flinders University’s Southgate Institute in South Australia reported experiencing racism, particularly within the justice and education systems [29]. Experienced regularly, racism leads to poor health the study found.

“We found that Aboriginal people do not primarily have a higher rate of illness because they lack knowledge of what behaviours are good for their health,” the study’s chief investigator, Dr Anna Ziersch says.

“Compared with the general population, twice as many Aboriginal people did not drink and most exercised regularly—and yet they had worse physical and mental health.”

Heart disease, premature births, hypertension and mental illness have all been linked to racism [55].

If they encounter racist health workers, Aboriginal people can be so traumatised they would rather become sicker than return for treatment [48].

Ongoing racism can lead to heart disease, premature birth, hypertension, mental illness, physical illness or suicide [9,18].

Every Aboriginal person in this country is very angry, day after day, year after year, they keep it at a simmer. If I find a blackfella that's not angry then I'm suspicious.—Vernon Ah Kee, Aboriginal artist [49]

Three out of four Indigenous Australians experience racism in their everyday lives.—Gary Highland,

Is this racism? Two views

When you read articles in any media be mindful that even they can express just the viewpoint of that particular publisher or writer.

Below is one such article and the personal viewpoint of an Aboriginal man about it. Compare the two and ask yourself:

‘Wadjula’ is a Western Australian Aboriginal word for ‘whitefella’ or white people.

Genocide comparable to the Holocaust

If a people has done an historical wrong it remains in the national conscience and is passed on to future generations. Germans pass on their feelings about the crimes of the Third Reich to their children, more than 60% of whom still feel guilt and even more a huge responsibility for what was done in their country’s name. But Australians generally deny any responsibility for the crimes against the country’s Indigenous peoples. Comparison with the Third Reich is not far fetched, with many Australian writers comparing Australia’s missions and government reserves with Nazi concentration camps.

A guilty conscience can have two effects: For one, the government tries to educate people to prevent such crimes ever happening again. For another, by the time German teenagers graduate from high school they will have been taught thoroughly about the Nazis in history lessons. The danger there can be that they no longer want to hear about it.

In the Australian context, read the following comment posted on a blog in response to an entry about the 2007 Australian Film Institute (AFI) Awards where Rolf de Heer’s Ten Canoes had won the Best Film category [1]:

Recipe for award-winning Australian film: Start with the message: White people are bad, black people are good. Add: Aboriginal cast. Stir. Watch the critics swoon and the awards rain down!—posted by 'Sick of P.C.'

The author of this post is clearly tired of hearing that black people are good because white people did them wrong. Repeat something too often and you lose its impact. We shut down because what is taught is true and hits a raw nerve. We don’t want to face our responsibility and turn away.

I assume ‘Sick of P.C.’ belongs to this younger generation. Older generations invert the reasoning: It is the black people who are bad and the white people who are right. This is because they grew up in the society which committed the crimes. They were exposed to government efforts to explain that what they did was ‘right’. Australians deny any guilt because they were on ‘the right side’. Older generations of Germans, for example, find something good in Hitler’s actions (e.g. full employment).

I was preparing for the opening ceremony of Australia Day, a public holiday in Australia which celebrates the start of the colony. Volunteers handed out flags, and I was after an Aboriginal flag. A senior volunteer only had Australian flags and said: 'Take this one, this is the right one!'—personal experience

The quotes reveal Australia’s hidden racism. More often than not it is expressed by what people do not do rather than what they do or say. The Third Reich could only pick up its genocidal momentum because Germans failed to oppose Hitler’s mass murder of the Jews. Similarly, few Australians will speak up for Indigenous Australians for fear of being marginalised just as they are. This website is my personal contribution in an effort to break the silence.

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